Case Study
Self-Assembly Simulation Service

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Self-Assembly Simulation Service - CD ComputaBio
Mesoscale & molecular simulation for spontaneous organization

Self-Assembly Simulation

CD ComputaBio provides self-assembly simulation services to explore the spontaneous organization of molecules into ordered structures—from micelles and vesicles to fibrils, bilayers, and nanocomposites. We combine coarse-grained, atomistic, and dissipative particle dynamics to predict morphology, kinetics, and thermodynamic drivers for materials, formulations, and biomolecular systems.

Coarse-grained & atomistic MD Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) Free energy & morphology prediction Kinetics & assembly pathways
1
Predict assembly morphologyWe model the final structure—micelles, worm-like micelles, vesicles, bilayers, fibrils, or higher-order aggregates—based on molecular architecture and environment.
2
Map free energy landscapesWe compute potential of mean force and aggregation free energies to identify thermodynamic stability, critical aggregation concentration, and assembly cooperativity.
3
Resolve assembly pathwaysWe analyze nucleation, growth, fusion, and restructuring events over microsecond-to-millisecond timescales using enhanced sampling and kinetic modeling.

Self‑assembly modeling capabilities

Morphology prediction

Mesoscale structure & shape

We predict equilibrium and non-equilibrium aggregate morphologies including spheres, rods, vesicles, lamellae, bicontinuous phases, and fibrous networks using DPD, coarse-grained MD, and Monte Carlo.

  • Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD)
  • Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD)
  • Shape transition analysis (sphere-to-rod, vesicle-to-micelle)
Thermodynamics

Free energy & aggregation driving forces

We calculate potential of mean force, aggregation number, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and solvation free energy contributions using umbrella sampling and thermodynamic integration.

  • Umbrella sampling & WHAM analysis
  • Critical aggregation concentration (CAC)
  • Solvation & hydrophobic driving force decomposition
Kinetics & pathways

Assembly mechanisms & timescales

We simulate self-assembly kinetics using coarse-grained MD, replica exchange, and milestoning to capture nucleation, growth, annealing, and structural rearrangement events.

  • Nucleation-growth kinetics
  • Lag time & cooperative assembly
  • Enhanced sampling techniques (REMD, metadynamics)
Multicomponent

Complex mixtures & co‑assembly

We model mixtures of surfactants, polymers, peptides, lipids, and cargo molecules to study encapsulation, phase separation, and ordered structure formation.

  • Multi-component phase behavior
  • Cargo encapsulation & loading efficiency
  • Surface decoration & functionalization
Interfaces

Surface & confined assembly

We simulate self-assembly at solid surfaces, liquid interfaces, or in confined geometries to guide coating, patterning, and adsorption applications.

  • Surface-induced ordering
  • Confined assembly in nanopores
  • Interfacial tension & wetting
Biomolecular

Peptide, protein & DNA assembly

We model amyloid fibril formation, peptide amphiphile assembly, DNA origami, and protein nanocage formation using both atomistic and coarse-grained approaches.

  • Amyloid beta aggregation
  • Coiled-coil & peptide design
  • DNA tile & scaffold assembly

Core simulation techniques & toolkit

Mesoscale method

Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD)

DPD is a coarse-grained simulation method that captures the hydrodynamic behavior and mesoscopic structure of soft matter, surfactants, polymers, and biological membranes over large length and time scales.

  • Equilibrium morphology mapping
  • Flow & shear-induced assembly
  • Multi-phase coexistence
Molecular detail

Coarse-Grained & Atomistic MD

We combine MARTINI, SIRAH, and explicit atomistic force fields to capture molecular interactions, packing, and dynamics with the resolution needed to interpret experimental data.

  • MARTINI force field & elastic networks
  • Backmapping to atomistic resolution
  • Membrane & peptide assembly
Enhanced sampling

Metadynamics & Replica Exchange

We apply advanced sampling techniques to overcome energy barriers, sample conformational space, and compute free energy landscapes for complex assembly processes.

  • Well-tempered metadynamics
  • Replica exchange with solute tempering
  • Path sampling & transition networks

Self‑assembly simulation workflow

System definition & model building

Define molecular components, concentrations, solvent conditions, and simulation box. Build coarse-grained or atomistic models with appropriate parametrization.

Equilibration & initial configuration

Randomly place molecules or use pre-assembled seeds, then equilibrate with energy minimization and NPT/NVT simulations to remove artifacts.

Assembly simulation production

Run DPD, CGMD, or atomistic simulations over relevant timescales—from nanoseconds to microseconds—to capture assembly events and structural evolution.

Analysis of morphology & properties

Characterize aggregates by size, shape, aggregation number, internal order, surface composition, and cargo distribution using clustering and order parameters.

Free energy & kinetics

Compute potential of mean force, CMC, aggregation free energy, and rate constants using umbrella sampling, metadynamics, or kinetic network models.

Report & design recommendations

Deliver a comprehensive report with assembly diagrams, free energy profiles, morphological maps, and recommendations for formulation or molecular design.

Which simulation approach fits your assembly question?

Project challengeRecommended simulationKey outputsDecision support
Design a drug delivery nanocarrier (micelle/vesicle)DPD + CGMD for morphology, CMC calculationMorphology diagram, aggregation number, encapsulation stabilitySelect lipid/surfactant ratio & chain length
Optimize peptide amphiphile assemblyAtomistic & CGMD, REMD for conformation samplingFibril vs. micelle preference, beta-sheet contentGuide peptide sequence modification
Understand polymer phase behavior in solutionDPD + Flory-Huggins parameter mappingPhase diagram, domain size, copolymer morphologyChoose polymer composition & concentration
Predict assembly kinetics of protein nanocagesCGMD, milestoning, or kinetic Monte CarloAssembly pathway, yield, intermediate structuresOptimize assembly conditions & mutants

What we need from you

  • Molecular structures (SMILES, MOL, PDB, or sequence) of components
  • Concentration range, solvent, pH, ionic strength, temperature
  • Desired assembly goal: morphology, thermodynamics, kinetics, or formulation
  • Experimental data (if available) for validation—e.g., DLS, TEM, cryo-EM, SAXS
  • Time and length scale of interest

What you receive

  • Assembly morphology diagrams and representative snapshots
  • Aggregate size distribution, aggregation number, and shape descriptors
  • Free energy profiles (CMC, PMF) and kinetic parameters
  • Validation against experimental data where available
  • Design recommendations for molecular or formulation changes
  • Publication-ready figures and trajectories

Illustrated case: GA-BBR hydrogel self-assembly

GA-BBR Hydrogel Self-Assembly — 100 ns MD Simulation Glycyrrhizic Acid (GA) + Berberine (BBR) co-assembly into a stable supramolecular hydrogel network 0 ns Monomer dispersion 20 ns Nucleation 60 ns Growth 100 ns Stable hydrogel Key intermolecular interactions π-π stacking between GA and BBR aromatic rings Hydrogen bonding (GA carboxyl with BBR hydroxyl) Quantitative validation ✓ RMSD stabilization achieved after ~20 ns ✓ SASA decrease confirms compact aggregate formation ✓ Rg reduction indicates dense nanostructure GA (Glycyrrhizic Acid) BBR (Berberine) Simulation details: GROMACS 2023.3 | Amber ff99SB force field | TIP3P water | 10 nm³ box | 100 ns production | PME electrostatics V-rescale thermostat (300 K) · Parrinello-Rahman barostat (1 atm) · LINCS bond constraints
MD simulation of GA-BBR hydrogel self-assembly (0–100 ns). GA (orange) and BBR (dark) spontaneously co-assemble into a stable supramolecular hydrogel network driven by π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. RMSD analysis confirms system stabilization after ~20 ns with compact aggregate formation.

Why choose CD ComputaBio for self‑assembly modeling?

We combine simulation expertise with colloid, polymer, and biomolecular physical chemistry to translate molecular structure into predictable assembly behavior. Our workflows are validated against experimental data and tailored to your material or formulation target.

Multi‑scaleFrom atomistic to mesoscale — DPD, CGMD, atomistic MD, and Monte Carlo
Thermodynamic focusCMC, PMF, aggregation free energy, and phase stability
Kinetic insightPathway analysis, nucleation barriers, and assembly timescales

References

  1. Marrink SJ, Risselada HJ, Yefimov S, et al. The MARTINI force field: coarse grained model for biomolecular simulations. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111(27): 7812-7824.
  2. Hoogerbrugge PJ, Koelman JMVA. Simulating microscopic hydrodynamic phenomena with dissipative particle dynamics. Europhys. Lett. 1992, 19(3): 155-160.
  3. Mittal J, Truskett TM, Errington JR. Self-assembly of amphiphiles in solution: a free energy approach. Soft Matter 2016, 12(6): 1656-1668.

Frequently Asked Questions

What length and time scales can self‑assembly simulation cover?

DPD typically covers 10–100 nm and µs–ms; coarse-grained MD covers 10–100 nm and ns–µs; atomistic MD covers 1–10 nm and ns–µs. We can combine methods to bridge scales.

How do you validate simulation results?

We validate against experimental data such as DLS, SAXS, cryo-EM, TEM, or CMC measurements when available. We also use experimental design to suggest testable hypotheses.

Can you simulate charged or ionic systems?

Yes. We incorporate electrostatic interactions in DPD, CGMD, and atomistic simulations with appropriate treatment of salt, pH, and ionic strength.

Do you handle multicomponent mixtures?

Yes. We model mixtures of surfactants, polymers, lipids, peptides, drugs, and solvents with custom parametrization for cross-interactions.

What is the typical timeline for an assembly project?

A standard project with DPD or CGMD for 3–5 compositions takes 2–4 weeks. More complex studies with free energy calculations or kinetics may take 4–6 weeks.

Ready to predict self‑assembly behavior?

Share your molecular building blocks and target structure. Our team will design a simulation workflow that delivers morphological, thermodynamic, and kinetic insights for your formulation or material design.

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