Case Study
RNA Structure and Interaction Modeling

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RNA Structure and Interaction Modeling - CD ComputaBio
RNA & nucleic-acid structural biology

RNA Structure and Interaction Modeling

RNA function is shaped by structure: a single strand can form helices, loops, pseudoknots, long-range contacts, and alternative states that control recognition and activity. We build structural ensembles and interaction hypotheses that help teams choose binding sites, partners, designs, and validation experiments.

Secondary structure3D foldingRNA–protein dockingRNA–small molecule dockingDynamics
What we model

What can RNA modeling answer?

01

Secondary structure

Predict base-pairing, helices, loops, and pseudoknots from sequence and chemical-probing data.

02

3D tertiary structure

Build atomistic 3D models using template-based, fragment-assembly, and deep-learning folding.

03

RNA–protein interaction

Model and rank RNA–protein complexes, from RBP motifs to ribonucleoprotein assembly.

04

RNA–small molecule docking

Dock ligands and map pockets for riboswitch and RNA pocket-targeting programs.

05

Dynamics & validation

Run MD simulations to test conformational stability and score interaction hypotheses.

Continue with the right RNA-focused service

These four related pages are listed in the provided website outline and connect structural modeling with a more focused docking or design objective.

How teams use it

Use RNA modeling when structure changes the decision

RNA therapeutics

Designing ASOs and siRNAs

Predict target-site accessibility along the transcript and model duplex geometry so your sequence engages the intended site with minimal off-target pairing.

  • Target-site accessibility mapping
  • Antisense duplex modeling
  • Off-target pairing flags
  • Sequence design guidance
Riboswitch targets

Targeting structured regulatory RNA

Map the ligand pocket of a stable 3D fold and screen small molecules that bind the functional conformation rather than the unfolded ensemble.

  • Pocket identification
  • Small-molecule docking
  • Conformational scoring
  • Binding-mode ranking
Mechanistic biology

lncRNA–protein assemblies

Model how a long non-coding RNA scaffolds protein complexes and identify the interfaces where disruption could block a disease-relevant pathway.

  • Complex assembly modeling
  • Interface characterization
  • Disruption hotspot mapping
  • Hypothesis validation plan
Modeling cycle

How does an RNA modeling project work?

The cycle moves from a defined biological state to a ranked ensemble, interaction hypothesis, and validation plan. New experimental evidence can be incorporated at each checkpoint.

Request a Project Scope
  1. Scope and sequence inputs

    Define the RNA, its functional state, and the specific decision the model must support.

    Goal settingDecision mappingMilestones
  2. Fold secondary and 3D structure

    Fold the RNA and validate against probing data, cryo-EM, or available PDB templates.

    2D prediction3D foldingConfidence scoring
  3. Model interactions

    Dock protein or small-molecule partners and rank poses by physics-based scoring.

    RNA–proteinRNA–small moleculePose ranking
  4. Refine with dynamics

    Run MD simulations to test stability, conformational changes, and interaction persistence.

    MD simulationStability metricsRefinement
  5. Deliver and iterate

    Hand over structures, interactions, and a validation plan, then fold in new data for the next round.

    Model packageAssay planIteration loop
Modeling rigor

Why report an ensemble instead of one structure?

RNA can occupy alternative folds and interaction states. We combine thermodynamic, deep-learning, template, docking, and experimental-constraint evidence, then preserve plausible alternatives when the data do not justify one definitive model.

ThermodynamicsSecondary structure and ensemble evidence
3D predictionTemplate, fragment, and learned models
ConstraintsSHAPE, DMS, cryo-EM, and known contacts
SamplingAlternative states and stability checks
Fit-to-program scope

Choose the depth that matches your question

A target-accessibility map, RNA–protein interface, and ligand-bound conformational study need different methods and sampling. Scope follows the decision, not a fixed package.

1Secondary structure or accessibility study
23D ensemble and interaction modeling
3Multi-state modeling with dynamics
Project inputs

What should you send us?

The most useful starting point is a well-defined construct and functional state, even if experimental structure data are limited.

  • RNA sequence, species, isoform, and construct boundaries
  • Functional state, modifications, cofactors, ions, and cellular context
  • Protein, ligand, or nucleic-acid interaction partner
  • SHAPE or DMS probing, cryo-EM density, mutational data, or known base pairs
  • The biological or design decision the model must support
Quality and limits

How do we handle RNA model uncertainty?

We check whether the data support one fold, several states, or only local structural conclusions, and we report confidence at the region and interaction level.

  • Keep plausible alternative secondary and tertiary structures
  • Separate predicted contacts from experimentally constrained contacts
  • Cross-check interactions with independent modeling approaches
  • Recommend experiments that can distinguish competing models
Important: a computational RNA model is a testable hypothesis. It does not replace chemical probing, binding assays, mutagenesis, cryo-EM, NMR, or functional validation.
Decision-ready deliverables

What will your team receive?

Executive summary

Decision statement

The project answer, confidence level, key assumptions, and recommended next action in plain language.

Structure package

Secondary and 3D ensembles

Base-pair maps, coordinate files, alternative folds, construct notes, and region-level confidence.

Interaction package

Pose set and rankings

RNA–protein or RNA–small molecule poses with interface contacts, pocket geometry, and evidence.

Dynamics package

State and stability analysis

Conformational sampling, interaction persistence, clustering, and limitations when included in scope.

Visual package

Review-ready figures

Annotated secondary structures, 3D views, interaction maps, and confidence overlays.

Action package

Design and validation plan

Target-site, partner, ligand, or construct recommendations linked to discriminating experiments.

Published data

What does RNA structure research show?

Study [1] · Deep-learning folding

Machine-learned scoring now rivals experimental RNA maps

Townshend RJL, Eismann S, Watkins AM, et al. Science. 2021;373(6558):1047–1051.

The authors introduced a geometric deep-learning approach that scores RNA 3D structures with accuracy approaching experimentally derived maps, showing that learned energy landscapes can guide folding where thermodynamic models struggle.

Service implication: deep-learning scoring is combined with physics-based folding to lift model accuracy, especially for long and non-canonical RNA.
Sequence → learned scoring → 3D foldOriginal schematic
RNA sequenceInput the target RNA of interest.
Learned scoringScore candidate structures with a deep network.
3D structureSelect the best-scoring folded model.
Deep learning3D scoringFoldingAccuracy
Study [2] · Joint structure prediction

Unified models predict RNA–protein complexes

Abramson J, Adler J, Dunger J, et al. Nature. 2024;630:493–500.

The authors demonstrated end-to-end prediction of biomolecular complexes—including protein–RNA interfaces—from sequence, showing that joint structure prediction can recover interaction geometry without separate docking pipelines.

Service implication: joint prediction is used to seed and cross-check RNA–protein docking, improving interface coverage and reducing false poses.
Sequences → joint model → interfaceOriginal schematic
RNA + protein sequenceProvide both partners to the model.
Joint predictionPredict the complex structure end-to-end.
Interface geometryRecover interaction contacts and orientation.
Joint modelRNA–proteinInterfaceEnd-to-end

References

  1. Townshend RJL, Eismann S, Watkins AM, Rangan R, Karelina M, Das R, Dror RO. Geometric deep learning of RNA structure. Science. 2021;373(6558):1047–1051. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe5650
  2. Abramson J, Adler J, Dunger J, et al. Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3. Nature. 2024;630:493–500. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07487-w
Project questions

What do teams ask before starting?

These answers clarify the evidence, inputs, uncertainty, and scope behind a decision-ready RNA modeling project.

Accuracy depends on RNA length, topology, conformational state, homologous structures, and experimental constraints. We report model ensembles and region-level confidence rather than presenting one predicted structure as certain.

Yes. Structural modeling can identify accessible target regions and assess local duplex geometry. These results complement sequence-level efficacy, off-target, chemistry, delivery, and experimental screening rather than replacing them.

No. Modeling can begin from sequence, but SHAPE or DMS probing, cryo-EM density, mutational data, known base pairs, and homologous structures can narrow the ensemble and increase confidence.

Yes. We can model RNA–protein complexes and RNA–small molecule binding, then compare poses, contacts, pocket geometry, and stability according to the available structural evidence.

Useful inputs include RNA sequence and construct boundaries, species and isoform, functional state, binding partner, modifications, available probing or structural data, and the biological or design decision the model must support.

We retain plausible secondary and tertiary structure ensembles when the data do not support one state, compare interaction hypotheses across states, and recommend experiments that can distinguish them.

Scope depends on RNA size and complexity, the number of states and partners, available constraints, required sampling, and the decision timeline. A milestone plan is provided before work begins.

Start a project

Which RNA structure or interaction should you test next?

Share the construct, biological state, interaction question, and available evidence. CD ComputaBio will propose a fit-for-purpose modeling scope with defined inputs, milestones, deliverables, and confidence reporting.

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